Electrochemical technologies 

 Electrochemical technologies are used for production and storage of chemical energy. Electrochemical technologies offer a field in water and wastewater treatment that contribute to a cleaner environment. Most environmental pollutants can be completely eliminated or convert non-toxic materials by different processes. For example, electrochemical oxidation, electrochemical reduction, electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flotation, electrodialysis, and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Specific examples of applications for pollutant removal of wastewater are given for the different processes, along with research needs and improvements for commercial application of these electrochemical processes. Some electrochemical energy technologies developed and commercialized in the past include chemical sensors for human and asset safety, energy efficiency, industrial process/quality control, and pollution control/monitoring. There are various types of fuel cells as clean energy devices for transport, stationary and portable power. Workplace exposure to material hazards of electrochemical capacitors could also occur. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States regulates permissible exposure limits for some of the possible materials. As required by OSHA regulations, these hazards would be severe using such workplace practices as ventilation and dust management. The environmental regulations that could apply to electrochemical capacitors were also assessed. Environmental regulations are considered during the development of new energy storage technologies. 

 Citations

 “ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology.” ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, http://jss.ecsdl.org/. 

 “Electrochemical Technologies.” Electrochemical Technologies | EMS Energy Institute, 2017, http://www.energy.psu.edu/elc/index.html. 

 “Journal of The Electrochemical Society.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, http://jes.ecsdl.org/.