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Thursday, December 2, 2021
Friday, October 29, 2021
Are Stem cells used to treat diseases, if yes how?
Yes. In stem cell transplants, stem cells replace cells damaged by chemotherapy or disease or serve as a way for the donor's immune system to fight some types of cancer and blood-related diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and multiple myeloma. These transplants use adult stem cells or umbilical cord blood. Researchers are testing adult stem cells to treat other conditions, including a number of degenerative diseases such as heart failure.
How are microbes used in the bioremediation of contaminated groundwater sites?
Bioremediation relies on the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants like oil, solvents, and pesticides for sources of food and energy. This process usually involves aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms that use this breakdown as an energy source. These microbes convert contaminants into small amounts of water, as well as harmless gases like carbon dioxide.
What role might nanotechnologies play in replacing current diagnostic and treatment technologies?
As of right now, we have no real way of treating cancer without harming the patient. These methods include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy which all risk damaging tissue or not completely eradicating cancer. Nanotechnology would be extremely beneficial for the treatment of cancer as it would help chemotherapy directly target cancerous cells, help with the removal of tumors and it would help reduce risks to patients and increase the survival rate. A more specific example of how nanotechnology could be helpful is its potential role in serving malaria patients. Conventional chemotherapy can result in resistant parasites development which results in high dose requirements. The alternative approach using nanotechnology would be to deliver antimalarials using nanocarriers which would target infected cells. It has already been proven to be effective using animal models and should continue to be researched and studied to be a potentially promising treatment method for malaria, which continues to be a serious and fatal disease worldwide which has killed approximately 409,000 people in 2019.
Enzymes role in the Production of Dairy Products
In the dairy industry, enzymes have various functions and use in the production process. They have a vital role in where they are used to enhance the aroma, color, and flavor of various products such as cheese and milk products. Milk is globally recognized as a nutritious food source, with that being said approximately 68% of the global population has lactose malabsorption, which causes lactose intolerance. It’s a condition where your small intestine cannot fully digest or break down lactose. To be able to absorb the lactose, the digestive cells need to produce lactase which catalyzes the breakdown of lactose. People who are lactose intolerant do not produce enough lactase which makes it hard for their bodies to digest the lactose. The lactose is then consumed by bacteria which leads to it sitting in the gut causing abdominal pain and bloating. Technology to supply lactose-free milk and other dairy products such as yogurt and cheese was developed by the Agricultural Analysis Service in 1985. This technology is used to add lactase to milk, thereby hydrolyzing the lactose naturally found in milk, leaving it slightly sweet but digestible by everyone. Another enzyme used in dairy production is catalase. It is used instead of pasteurization, (a process where certain foods are quickly heated for a short time to kill bacteria that can make you sick) when making certain cheeses such as Swiss, in order to preserve natural milk enzymes that are beneficial to the end product and flavor development of the cheese.
Science Related Careers Report, unit 2
Title of Job: Research scientist in the proteomic lab
Job duties:
Sample preparation
Follow strict safety procedures when handling dangerous or toxic chemicals
Study animal and human health and physiological processes
Write and publish articles in scientific journals
Skill Sets:
Knowledge of business and management principles
Knowledge of computer hardware and software
Strong in various mathematical fields
Personality/Aptitude Requirements
Reading comprehension
Active listening
Complex problem solving
Social perceptiveness
Good teamwork and communication skills
Potential employers
Labs such as CellCarta
Various colleges and universities
Several federal, provincial, and municipal departments
Education requirements
Minimum qualifications tend to include a Ph. D. in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, or another subject in the related field of study.
Salary Range:
The average pay varies based on the roles in the lab, but a starting role in the lab could start at earning $50,000 a year. If you were to be a program head you could be making upwards of $140,000 a year.
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